A Constructor is a special member function of a class that creates and returns an object of the class. It is called automatically when an object is created. In programming languages such as Java, C++, etc. constructor has the same name as the class whereas, in Python, the constructor is declared using __init__()code> method.
def __init__(self, param1, param2, param3, ..., paramn): statements
There are two types of constructors in Python-
Note:- Python does not support copy constructor. Constructor overloading is not supported in Python which means you cannot define multiple constructors in a class. If you try to declare then you will not get any error but you can only access the last defined constructor. To know more about this visit Constructor Overloading in Python.
It has no parameters and is called automatically when you create an object without passing any arguments. If you do not define a constructor in a class then Python interpreter generates a default constructor that has an empty body. When you define default or parameterized constructor in a class then Interpreter does not provide a default constructor.
class Car:
def __init__(self):
print('Default constructor is called.')
c = Car()
Output
Default constructor is called.
It has one or more parameters. These parameters are used used to initialize instance variables. It is called automatically when you create an object and pass arguments during instantiation.
class Employee:
def __init__(self, empid, empname):
self.empid = empid
self.empname = empname
def show(self):
print('Employee ID: ', self.empid)
print('Employee Name: ', self.empname)
e1 = Employee(1, 'Mohit')
e2 = Employee(34, 'Kanchan')
e1.show()
e2.show()
Output
Employee ID: 1 Employee Name: Mohit Employee ID: 34 Employee Name: Kanchan
