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Python Basics

How to access members of a class in Python?

There are two situations wherein you will access members of a class-

Outside a class
Within a class

How to access members of a class outside the class?

Members of a class	How to access those members from outside the class
Instance Variables	`obj.variableName` You will get error when you try to access instance variables via ClassName.
Instance Methods	`obj.methodName()` You will get error when you try to access instance methods via ClassName.
Class Variables	`obj.variableName` OR `ClassName.variableName` When you modify class variables using instance of a class then you end up creating an instance variable having the same name as that of a class variable for that object that is why it is always recommended to access class variables via class name instead of object. For more information, read this page- Class variables in Python \| Static variables in Python
Class Methods	`obj.methodName()` OR `ClassName.methodName()`
Static Methods	`obj.methodName()` OR `ClassName.methodName()`

How to access members of a class from within the class?

Members of a class	Instance Variables	Instance Methods	Class Variables	Class Methods	Static Methods
Instance Variables	-	You can access instance variables inside instance methods like this- `self.variableName`	-	They cannot access instance variables.	They cannot access instance variables.
Instance Methods	-	They can call other instance methods like this- `self.methodName()`	-	They cannot call instance methods.	They cannot call instance methods.
Class Variables	-	Inside instance methods, you can access class variables using any one of the below syntax- `type(self).variableName` OR `ClassName.variableName`	-	There are two ways to access class variables from the inside of class method- `cls.variableName` OR `ClassName.variableName`	There is the only way to access class variables from the inside of static methods- `ClassName.variableName`
Class Methods	-	Inside instance methods, you can call class methods using any one of the below syntax- `self.methodName()` OR `ClassName.methodName()`	-	There are two ways to call class methods from the inside of class method- `cls.methodName()` OR `ClassName.methodName()`	This is the only way to call class methods from the inside of static method- `ClassName.methodName()`
Static Methods	-	You can call static methods from instance method by using any one of the below syntax- `self.methodName()` OR `ClassName.methodName()`	-	There are two ways to call static methods from class method- `cls.methodName()` OR `ClassName.methodName()`	Inside static method, you can call another static method using the below syntax- `ClassName.methodName()`